Case studies found that people fed solely through intravenous feeding, called total parenteral nutrition or TPN, in which chromium was not part of the feeding, developed chromium deficiency and hyperglycemia. Animal and human studies have shown that chromium supplementation corrects glucose intolerance in those who are deficient in the mineral. Chromium and HealthĬhromium has been identified as a key player in the action of insulin and regulating blood glucose. A UL has not been established for chromium, because a toxic level has not been observed from food sources or from longer-term intakes of high-dose supplements. UL: A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily dose unlikely to cause adverse side effects in the general population. For pregnancy and lactation, the AI is 30 and 45 micrograms daily. Men and women older than 50 years require slightly less, at 30 and 20 micrograms daily, respectively. An Adequate Intake (AI) was set as an estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake for chromium.ĪI: The AI for men ages 19-50 years is 35 micrograms daily, and for women ages 19-50 years, 25 micrograms daily.

There is not enough data to establish a Recommended Dietary Allowance for chromium. Vitamin B3 (niacin) and vitamin C help to improve the absorption of chromium. [1) It is also involved in the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrate, proteins, and fats. Chromium enhances the action of the hormone insulin. It is naturally present in a wide variety of foods, though only in small amounts, and is also available as a supplement. Their salts have great practical significance – chromates and dichromates accordingly.Chromium is an essential mineral that the body needs in trace amounts. They can only exist in solutions and are practically not used. 2 acids are examined in this case as hydroxyls – chrome HCrO₄ and dechrome H₂Cr₂O₇. Chromium in the oxidation state of +6Ĭompounds of chromium in which it displays an oxidation state of +6 are strong oxidizers. Salts where chromium at an oxidation state of +3 acts as a cation display all typical properties of salts (most of them are soluble in water and hydrolyze – they decompose in water with the formation of chromium hydroxide Cr(OH)₃):Ĭhromium salts with an oxidation state of +3 can take part in oxidation-reduction reactions, for example in the following:ĢCrCl₃ + 3Zn + 4HCl = 2CrCl₂ + 3ZnCl₂ + 2H₂ (in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc, atomic hydrogen is released, which reduces the chromium cation to the chromium cation). Chromium (II) oxideĬhromium (II) oxide is formed in the decomposition of chromium carbonyl (with heating):Ĭr(CO)₆ = CrO + 5CO + C.

The reductive ability of Cr²⁺ salts is very high (in some cases these salts can even displace hydrogen from water). Hydrogen released in the course of reaction reduces Cr³⁺ to Cr²⁺. They are usually obtained by oxidation-reduction reactions from chromium (III). Salts of chromium (II) have a bluish color. The compounds are colored – chromium (II) oxide is black, and the hydroxide is yellow. Chromium in the oxidation state of +2Ĭhromium (II) oxide and hydroxide CrO and Cr(OH)₂ are compounds which display typical base properties. In compounds (which are brightly colored in the majority of cases), chromium displays several possible oxidation states - +2, +3, +4 (encountered quite rarely, chromium oxide CrO₂ is known), +6.

Chromium charge of six